History of the Indonesian Press
A FEW days after the text of the proclamation was read Bung Karno, from city to expand a power struggle has occurred in many fields, including the press. Captured mainly printing equipment. Such power struggles have occurred in Japanese-owned newspaper company that is Soeara Asia (Surabaya), Tjahaja (Bandung) and Ray Baroe (Semarang). And on August 19, 2605 papers have been published on major news about Indonesia Merdeka. In the papers it has published the Special Broadcasting prominently text of the proclamation. Then some important news such as "Notices To All the People of Indonesia", "Republic of Indonesia has been established", "Indonesia Merdeka Statement", "The opening words of the Constitution," and the song "Indonesia Raya".
In late September to late 1945, the press RI stronger condition, characterized by a starting circulation of Soeara Merdeka (Bandung) and Berita Indonesia (Jakarta), Independence, Independent, News Bulletin of Indonesian, Indonesian News, and The Voice of Free Indonesia. In the time that the newspaper used a tool to propagate the independence of Indonesia. Although still receiving threats from the Japanese army, but with courage they still carry out their duties. In the first class in 1947, our press is divided in two. The first group remained on duty in the occupied city of the Netherlands. And the second group had fled to the countryside which are held by RI. Although active in enemy territory, which is always shadowed by the threat pemberedelan and compete with the Dutch newspaper, class newspaper published the first fixed-wing Republicans. Famous in those days, among others, Merdeka, Alert, and the Public Platform. Similarly, the guerrilla into the interior, with makeshift equipment and materials, newspaper they always keep the spirit of revolution alive. In those days the guerrillas had been circulated newspaper, the People's Voice, Fire People, Patriot, for driving the People, and the Tower. The newspapers are printed on paper or stencil with the appearance of straw is very simple.
The condition of our press after the proclamation, is far different than in the Dutch and Japanese colonial period. In those days people were reluctant to read the newspaper, because the news only for the sake of the ruler. Who's at the time of independence, whatever newspaper has always been a bone of contention community. A day after several newspapers spread the word about reading the text of the proclamation, then the next day people began to chase. They did not want to miss a day in the news following the development of the newly independent country. Interest in reading has increased and people started to realize the needs of the mass media. This atmosphere would have a positive impact for the managers of mass media in those days. Newspaper publishing business began to bloom again, supposedly enlivened by the rhythm of the loud sound of the printing press or machine intertype roneo. Meanwhile, the journalist who was busy chasing the news from place to place, the more the amount. To bring order and unify them, in 1946 at the initiative of the reporters have been held in Solo congress. The congress has been formed union of journalists and Mr. Sumanang, was appointed as chairman.
Noted several key events in the history of the press in the revolutionary period in the same year had founded Sari Press in Jakarta by Mr. Sastro and Antara news agency re-opened, after Japan suspended for three years. Sari Office of the Press every day hundreds of newspaper print stensilan that contains various important news from around the country.
Following news newspaper at the time, was at once exciting and thrilling. From day to day news after another, from battles and negotiations, through development as well as news stories full of joy and sorrow. As the news in 1945. Independent Indonesia has welcomed overflowing joy, but in November came the sad news, that British troops have massacred thousands of people and our fighters and burned the city of Surabaya. In 1946 our people have been commemorating the proclamation with a very festive day twice, namely on 17 February, when the newly independent Indonesia and a half years old and on 17 August. Year 1946 closed with the emergence of the calamities that meet the news pages of newspapers, namely the murder of 40,000 people of South Sulawesi by Westerling gang on 11 December. These cruel acts done by the Netherlands to launch a road to the establishment of a puppet state of East Indonesia.
Exciting news in 1948 was the convening of the first National Sports Festival Week in Solo royally on September 9th. But the news PON suddenly vanished by the Madiun Incident on 18th September in the same city. Entering the year 1948 the situation and conditions of the country was truly start marred by the atmosphere of disunity. In those days more so there are two conflicting groups namely the right (National Front) and the class of the extreme left (communists) who called FDR (Democratic People's Front). Top of the conflict is characterized by the eruption of the Madiun uprising is masterminded by the PKI Muso. This event could shake the government. Imagine, while we're busy people face the Dutch aggression, suddenly PKI stab in the back. Speech of President Sukarno, which reads: "Select the Soekarno-Hatta or her Muso with the PKI" had made headlines in every newspaper. In times of conflict this is the first time ever in the history of the press Newspaper pemberedelan RI. Noted a few newspapers from the FDR, such as Patriot, Labor, and Capital Sound has dibreidel government. In contrast, the FDR responded with silence the newspaper that voiced the interests of the People of Fire National Front. Meanwhile, military parties had been memberedel Sound People with too much reason to criticize it.
The relationship of government and the press
In 1946, the government started his relationship with the press. In those days have been compiled rules listed in the State Defense Council No. 11 of 1946 which regulates the printing, posting, and publishing. Then held also several rules changes contained in the Wetboek van Strafrecht (Dutch-made law), as drukpersreglement in 1856, persbreidel Ordinance 1931 regulating the crimes of the press, defamation, incitement, preaching a lie and so forth. But these efforts delayed implementation due to the invasion of the Netherlands. It was only after Indonesia obtained its sovereignty in 1949, improvement in the press area to resume. At that time the event has occurred re-unification of the press group which moves in the Dutch-held town with groups engaged in guerrilla areas. That relationship involves a matter of legislation, government policies against the interests of the press in terms of socio-economic and political aspects.
In the Constitution Article 19 for example, has included the sentence, every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Implementation of article 19 of the Constitution has been proposed in the plenary session of the Central National Committee VI Yogya dated December 7, 1949 which in essence, the Government of Indonesia to fight for the implementation of freedom of the press who cover gives protection to the national press, given the facilities that the company needs the newspaper, and recognized the Antara news agency as worthy of national news agency and facility protection.
The proposal above and then answered. The Government of Indonesia has started to plan any regulation on the press and trying so hard to implement democratic rights. Relations between the government and the press more cemented by way of forming the Press Committee on 15 March 1950, the addition of newspaper pages, paper supplies and materials needed, without any bond that reduces the freedom of the press. To increase the value and quality journalism, then journalists are given the opportunity to deepen their knowledge. And also sought for the position is more felt Antara news agency as managing partner of the newspaper.
Efforts over the press climate has enabled the creation of an orderly and beneficial to all parties. The number of newspaper companies even from year to year increase. The proof is in the period of four years after 1949, the number of Indonesian-language newspaper, the Netherlands, and China's rise, from 70 to 101 units. Notwithstanding the foregoing does not mean that journalistic quality increase. For that, Ruslan Abdul Gani in his "National Press and Funksi social" has written as follows, "Enhancing quality in general should be interpreted journalistiek kwaliteit enhance what is written: this can be achieved when the reporter the opportunity to equip themselves with sufficient knowledge about the circumstances about to be written , and various sciences such as political science, sociologie, ekomomi, psychologie, history and civics. "
Noted several key events in the history of the press in the revolutionary period in the same year had founded Sari Press in Jakarta by Mr. Sastro and Antara news agency re-opened, after Japan suspended for three years. Sari Office of the Press every day hundreds of newspaper print stensilan that contains various important news from around the country.
Following news newspaper at the time, was at once exciting and thrilling. From day to day news after another, from battles and negotiations, through development as well as news stories full of joy and sorrow. As the news in 1945. Independent Indonesia has welcomed overflowing joy, but in November came the sad news, that British troops have massacred thousands of people and our fighters and burned the city of Surabaya. In 1946 our people have been commemorating the proclamation with a very festive day twice, namely on 17 February, when the newly independent Indonesia and a half years old and on 17 August. Year 1946 closed with the emergence of the calamities that meet the news pages of newspapers, namely the murder of 40,000 people of South Sulawesi by Westerling gang on 11 December. These cruel acts done by the Netherlands to launch a road to the establishment of a puppet state of East Indonesia.
Exciting news in 1948 was the convening of the first National Sports Festival Week in Solo royally on September 9th. But the news PON suddenly vanished by the Madiun Incident on 18th September in the same city. Entering the year 1948 the situation and conditions of the country was truly start marred by the atmosphere of disunity. In those days more so there are two conflicting groups namely the right (National Front) and the class of the extreme left (communists) who called FDR (Democratic People's Front). Top of the conflict is characterized by the eruption of the Madiun uprising is masterminded by the PKI Muso. This event could shake the government. Imagine, while we're busy people face the Dutch aggression, suddenly PKI stab in the back. Speech of President Sukarno, which reads: "Select the Soekarno-Hatta or her Muso with the PKI" had made headlines in every newspaper. In times of conflict this is the first time ever in the history of the press Newspaper pemberedelan RI. Noted a few newspapers from the FDR, such as Patriot, Labor, and Capital Sound has dibreidel government. In contrast, the FDR responded with silence the newspaper that voiced the interests of the People of Fire National Front. Meanwhile, military parties had been memberedel Sound People with too much reason to criticize it.
The relationship of government and the press
In 1946, the government started his relationship with the press. In those days have been compiled rules listed in the State Defense Council No. 11 of 1946 which regulates the printing, posting, and publishing. Then held also several rules changes contained in the Wetboek van Strafrecht (Dutch-made law), as drukpersreglement in 1856, persbreidel Ordinance 1931 regulating the crimes of the press, defamation, incitement, preaching a lie and so forth. But these efforts delayed implementation due to the invasion of the Netherlands. It was only after Indonesia obtained its sovereignty in 1949, improvement in the press area to resume. At that time the event has occurred re-unification of the press group which moves in the Dutch-held town with groups engaged in guerrilla areas. That relationship involves a matter of legislation, government policies against the interests of the press in terms of socio-economic and political aspects.
In the Constitution Article 19 for example, has included the sentence, every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Implementation of article 19 of the Constitution has been proposed in the plenary session of the Central National Committee VI Yogya dated December 7, 1949 which in essence, the Government of Indonesia to fight for the implementation of freedom of the press who cover gives protection to the national press, given the facilities that the company needs the newspaper, and recognized the Antara news agency as worthy of national news agency and facility protection.
The proposal above and then answered. The Government of Indonesia has started to plan any regulation on the press and trying so hard to implement democratic rights. Relations between the government and the press more cemented by way of forming the Press Committee on 15 March 1950, the addition of newspaper pages, paper supplies and materials needed, without any bond that reduces the freedom of the press. To increase the value and quality journalism, then journalists are given the opportunity to deepen their knowledge. And also sought for the position is more felt Antara news agency as managing partner of the newspaper.
Efforts over the press climate has enabled the creation of an orderly and beneficial to all parties. The number of newspaper companies even from year to year increase. The proof is in the period of four years after 1949, the number of Indonesian-language newspaper, the Netherlands, and China's rise, from 70 to 101 units. Notwithstanding the foregoing does not mean that journalistic quality increase. For that, Ruslan Abdul Gani in his "National Press and Funksi social" has written as follows, "Enhancing quality in general should be interpreted journalistiek kwaliteit enhance what is written: this can be achieved when the reporter the opportunity to equip themselves with sufficient knowledge about the circumstances about to be written , and various sciences such as political science, sociologie, ekomomi, psychologie, history and civics. "
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